基本上是全世界的海洋法準則....若是認為台灣不是國家地位尷尬...非聯合國的一員所以不適用此法....恩....這倒也無話可說...不過"中華民國領海及鄰接區法"基本上是以此為準則...最近也是依此公約來跟日本協談"臺日漁業協議" （日語：日台民間漁業取り決め） 而重點節錄 "領海; 鄰接區; 經濟海域; 無害通過權" 的原文與中文定義以了解台灣若是打起國際官司時的立場
第三條
領海的寬度
每一國家有權確定其領海的寬度，直至從按照本公約確定的基線量起不超過十二海里的界限為止。
Article 3
Breadth (寬/幅度) of the territorial sea
Every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea upto a limit not exceeding 12 nautical (航海的) miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with this Convention.
2007年時的「滿春億號」漁船遭菲律賓水警開槍射擊的位置則在菲律賓巴丹海域，巴丹島陸地五海浬位置所以這有領海爭議，但即便是如此....在12海哩領海內行駛的他國船隻，也有所謂的"無害通過權"
第十七條
無害通過權
在本公約的限制下，所有國家，不論為沿海國或內陸國，其船舶均享有無害通過領海的權利。
Article 17
Right of innocent passage
Subject to this Convention, ships of all States, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.
而何謂無害通過的定義?? 廣義來說:
第十九條
一、通過只要不損害沿海國的和平、良好秩序或安全，就是無害的。這種通過的進行應符合本公約和其他國際法規則。
Article 19
1. Passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial (不利; 有害的) to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. Such passage shall take place in conformity with this Convention and with other rules of international law.
此外在12海哩領海外的在12海哩則為"鄰接區"
第三十三條 鄰接區/毗連區
一、沿海國可在鄰接其領海稱為鄰接區的區域內，行使為下列事項所必要的管制：
（a）防止在其領土或領海內違犯其海關、財政、移民或衛生的法律和規章；
（b）懲治在其領土或領海內違犯上述法律和規章的行為。
二、鄰接區從測算領海寬度的基線量起，不得超過二十四海里
Article 33
Contiguous (鄰近/接觸的) zone
1. In a zone contiguous to its territorial sea, described as the contiguous zone, the coastal State may exercise the control necessary to:
(a) prevent infringement (違反) of its customs, fiscal, immigration orsanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea;
(b) punish infringement of the above laws and regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea.
2. The contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
所以基本上領海基線24海哩(並非領海12海里加上不超過的24海哩....注意是領海"基線"算起不超過24海哩)都還算是該國某些執法範圍內.....
第五十七條
專屬經濟海域的寬度
專屬經濟海域從測算領海寬度的基線量起，不應超過二百海里。
Article 57
Breadth of the exclusive economic zone
The exclusive economic zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
但是爭議在於專屬經濟海域......200海哩一劃下去....台灣跟菲律賓就出現重疊了....所以有爭議....但是在
第七十三條
三、沿海國對於在專屬經濟海域內違犯漁業法律和規章的處罰，如有關國家無相反的協議，不得包括監禁，或任何其他方式的體罰。
Article 73
3. Coastal State penalties for violations of fisheries laws and regulations in the exclusive economic zone may not include imprisonment, in the absence of agreements to the contrary by the States concerned, or any other form of corporal punishment.
即便專屬經濟海域有爭議.....但是菲律賓的手段已經明顯地違反了公約....如果說....要鬧大...其實台灣的立場是很穩的...但是也不可能會鬧大了...中國不可能有機會讓台灣在國際法庭上出聲的...所以一定會是依外交途徑解決了...所以結論是??吞下來吧.....
另外要補充的是......基線對於領海, 鄰接區, 專屬經濟海域是相當重要的基準...是不能隨便亂畫的....那台灣的基線是怎樣呢?? 根據"中華民國領海及鄰接區法"
第三條
中華民國領海基線之劃定，採用以直線基線為原則，正常基線為例外之混合基線法。
The delimitation of the baseline of the territorial sea of the Republic of China shall be determined by a combination of straight baseline in principle and normal baseline as exception.
何謂直線基線, 簡單來說
一、在海岸線極為曲折的地方，或者如果緊接海岸有一系列島嶼，測算領海寬度的基線的劃定可採用連接各適當地點的直線基線法。
Straight baselines
1. In localities where the coastline is deeply indented (鋸齒狀的) and cut into, orif there is a fringe of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity (附近地區), the method of straight baselines joining appropriate points may be employed in drawing the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
(但注意都是以退潮時的陸地海岸線而非漲潮喔....也剛好呼應到正常基線的定義)
第五條
正常基線
除本公約另有規定外，測算領海寬度的正常基線是沿海國官方承認的大比例尺海圖所標明的沿岸低潮線。
Article 5
Normal baseline
Except where otherwise provided in this Convention, the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.
留言列表
